side effects of birth control pills
Birth control pills are a widely used form of contraception. They, like any medication come with potential side effects. These side effects can range from mild and temporary to more serious ones. This depends on individual factors such as health history, lifestyle, and the type of pill used. Here’s an in-depth look at the side effects associated with birth control pills.
Common Side Effects of Birth Control Pills
Nausea
Nausea is one of the most common side effects when starting on the pills. This usually improves after the first few months of use, but taking the pill with food or at bedtime may help reduce nausea.
Headaches
Some women experience headaches when they begin taking them. These headaches may be due to the body’s adjustment to the hormones in the pill. If headaches persist or become severe, it’s essential to consult a healthcare provider.
Mood Changes
Hormonal fluctuations caused by the pills can lead to mood swings, irritability, or even depression. While many women do not experience significant mood changes, those who have a history of mood disorders may be more susceptible.
Weight Changes
Although the link between the pills and weight gain is debated, some women report changes in their weight when starting the pill. This could be due to increased appetite, fluid retention, or changes in fat distribution. However, significant weight gain is not a common side effect.
Spotting or Breakthrough Bleeding
Light bleeding or spotting between periods is common in the first few months of taking birth control pills, especially with low-dose pills. This side effect usually subsides as the body adjusts, but if it continues, a different pill formulation might be needed.
Decreased Libido
Some women experience a decrease in sexual desire while on birth control pills. This can be due to the hormonal changes that affect libido, though this effect varies widely among individuals.
Serious Side Effects
Increased Risk of Blood Clots
One of the most serious risks associated with birth control pills, particularly those containing estrogen, is the increased likelihood of developing blood clots. This risk is higher for women who smoke, are over 35, or have conditions like obesity, a history of blood clots, or certain inherited clotting disorders. Blood clots can lead to life-threatening conditions such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism, or stroke.
Increased Risk of Stroke and Heart Attack
Women who have a higher risk of cardiovascular disease, especially those who smoke or have high blood pressure, may be at an increased risk of stroke or heart attack when taking birth control pills. This risk is particularly pertinent for those over 35 or with a history of migraines with aura.
High Blood Pressure
Birth control pills can cause a slight increase in blood pressure, particularly in women who already have elevated blood pressure. Regular monitoring of blood pressure is recommended for women taking the pill.
Liver Problems
Although rare, birth control pills can sometimes cause benign liver tumors or exacerbate existing liver conditions. Symptoms of liver problems include severe abdominal pain, dark urine, or jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), and should be reported to a healthcare provider immediately.
Increased Risk of Certain Cancers
While birth control pills can reduce the risk of ovarian and endometrial cancers, they may slightly increase the risk of breast and cervical cancers. This risk is generally small and tends to decrease after discontinuing the pill, but it is an important consideration, especially for those with a family history of these cancers.
Considerations and Precautions
Monitoring for Symptoms
If you experience symptoms like severe headaches, chest pain, leg pain or swelling, shortness of breath, vision problems, or jaundice while taking birth control pills, seek medical attention immediately, as these could be signs of serious complications.
Discussing Your Health History
It’s crucial to discuss your personal and family health history with your healthcare provider before starting on the pills. Conditions like high blood pressure, a history of blood clots, or certain types of cancer may make birth control pills less suitable.
Lifestyle Factors
Smoking, obesity, and age are significant risk factors that can influence the safety of the pills. Women over 35 who smoke are generally advised to avoid combination pills due to the increased risk of blood clots and other cardiovascular events.
In Summary
While birth control pills are effective and convenient for many women, they come with potential side effects that should not be overlooked. From common and manageable issues like nausea and mood changes to more serious risks like blood clots and stroke, understanding these side effects is key to making an informed decision about contraceptive options.
It’s always important to discuss any concerns or side effects with a healthcare provider, who can help tailor the best contraceptive method to your individual health needs and lifestyle. Regular check-ups and open communication with your healthcare provider can help manage and mitigate the risks associated with birth control pills.
